Form IN01 was introduced on October 1, 2009, as a consolidated paper form to register a limited company in the UK. With the passing of the Companies Act 2006, Form IN01 replaced the older, separate Forms 10 and 12. The transition to this new form was a step toward streamlining paper submissions, though by that time, electronic incorporation was already becoming the dominant method.

Companies House introduced WebCHeck and e-filing services around the turn of the millennium, but the official web incorporation service continued to evolve. At the time of IN01's introduction, electronic filing was already the preferred method, and its usage has grown substantially since.

By the time Form IN01 was introduced, over 95% of company registrations were already being submitted electronically. Online filing has since become faster and cheaper, solidifying its place as the standard method. Today, both private companies limited by shares and companies limited by guarantee can be registered either online or by using the paper Form IN01.

Before digitization:

The standard practice for incorporating a company involved the physical submission of paper forms and the issuance of a paper certificate of incorporation.

Following digitization:

As part of Companies House's broader effort to digitize its services, the electronic certificate of incorporation became the default method for new company registrations.

Dominance:

The electronic certificate has become dominant for companies limited by shares and companies limited by guarantee due to its speed, convenience, and security. Incorporating a company online can take as little as 24 hours, or even less in straightforward cases, while paper applications take significantly longer.

Digital certificates of incorporation are typically issued within 24 hours for online applications, whereas paper applications take much longer to process.

In subsequent years, Companies House has continued to increase the fee for paper filing to encourage even wider adoption of the quicker and more efficient electronic method. Whether a company is formed via the paper IN01 or through online services, a Certificate of Incorporation is issued. However, online formations result in a digital PDF copy, which is faster to receive.

In straightforward scenarios, a private company limited by shares can typically be incorporated electronically within one hour. This rapid process is contingent upon the proposed company name not needing additional review or approval from the Companies Registry, as well as the successful validation of all other information included in the e-incorporation form. Once the incorporation is complete, the details of the company will be made publicly available for inspection via the e-Services Portal, allowing for transparency and access to essential company information.

On the other hand, online applications for the incorporation of a public company or a company limited by guarantee involve a more complex process. These applications are subject to further examination and processing by the dedicated staff of the Companies Registry, ensuring compliance with regulations and thorough review before approval. This additional scrutiny is essential for maintaining the integrity of corporate governance and protecting the interests of shareholders and the public.

— Get Your Business Incorporation Certificate Within 24 Hours —
Register your English, Scottish or Northern Irish private limited company quickly for just £54.99, and get a Certificate of Incorporation within 24 hours. We can form your private limited by shares company in London, in Mayfair, Canary Wharf, East Marylebone and Fitzrovia, or in the East part of the city of London. While filing our electronic version of the Form IN01, you can order the printed official business incorporation certificate or a certified copy of it. You can get an original true copy of the incorporation certificate online once Companies House has accepted an application and incorporated your company.

Certificate of incorporation: key functions.
Forming a company using the IN01 form involves providing details about the company, its directors, shareholders, and registered office address to Companies House. You can submit the form online for a lower fee or by post. Key information to include is a unique company name, the registered office address (which must be in the correct UK jurisdiction), full details for at least one director, shareholder information, and the company’s share capital.

A certificate of incorporation is an official legal document issued by a relevant government authority, such as a Secretary of State or a similar entity, that certifies the formation and registration of a company. Often referred to as the company’s "birth certificate," this document validates its legal existence in the eyes of the law and is crucial for establishing the company as a separate legal entity.

The certificate of incorporation typically includes vital information such as the company’s legal name, its registration number, the date of incorporation, the type of business structure (e.g., corporation, limited liability company), and sometimes the names of the initial directors or officers.

Obtaining this document is an essential step in the business formation process, as it enables the company to engage in a variety of critical activities, including conducting business operations, opening corporate bank accounts, securing financing, entering into contracts, and fulfilling other legal requirements. Without a certificate of incorporation, a business may face significant challenges in establishing credibility and legitimacy in the marketplace.

The primary purpose of a certificate of incorporation is to officially confirm that a new company exists as a distinct legal entity in the UK, separate from its owners. This document serves a crucial role similar to that of a birth certificate for individuals, establishing the company’s legal identity and foundation.

Having a certificate of incorporation enables companies to engage in various business activities legally. This includes important functions such as:

1. Opening a Business Bank Account:
   A certificate of incorporation is often required by banks to verify that the company is legitimate before they open a business account.
2. Purchasing or Leasing Property:
   Real estate transactions typically necessitate proof of the company’s legal status to ensure compliance with property laws.
3. Conducting International Business:
   Companies looking to expand their operations overseas often need to present their certificate of incorporation to foreign authorities or partners as proof of their legal standing.
4. Entering into Contracts:
   Many contracts, whether with suppliers, clients, or other businesses, require a certificate of incorporation to validate that the signatory party is a legally recognized entity.

There are various circumstances where you might need to provide a copy of your certificate of incorporation. For instance, when applying for financial assistance such as loans or grants, or when obtaining licenses to operate in certain regulated sectors. Although you may not need to reference this document regularly, it is advisable to keep it easily accessible and securely stored, as it serves as a foundational proof of your business’s legitimacy.

Moreover, a certificate of incorporation indicates that the company and its officers are complying with existing company laws and regulations. It acts as assurance that the company has not faced any actions to be removed from the official company register and that its directors have not been disqualified from holding their positions. This compliance is vital for maintaining the company’s integrity and for fostering trust with clients, partners, and regulatory bodies.

What information does a certificate of incorporation state?
A certificate of incorporation is a vital legal document that establishes the existence of a company and includes key information specific to that company. The following details are typically found on the certificate:

1. Registered Company Name:
   The official name under which the company conducts its business, as registered with Companies House.
2. Company Registration Number (CRN):
   A unique identification number assigned to the company upon incorporation, which is used to identify the company in official records.
3. Location of Registration:
   The jurisdiction in which the company is registered, which could be England and Wales, Wales, Scotland, or Northern Ireland. This indicates the legal framework governing the company’s operations.
4. Date of Incorporation:
   The official date on which the company was formed and registered, marking the beginning of its legal existence.
5. Type of Company:
   This outlines the legal structure of the company, which could include categories such as a private limited company (limited by shares or by guarantee), a limited liability partnership (LLP), or a public limited company (PLC). Each type has different legal and financial implications for its owners.
6. Issuing Registrar:
   The office of Companies House that issued the certificate, which may be located in Cardiff, Edinburgh, or Belfast, depending on the jurisdiction of the company.
7. Legislation:
   The specific law under which the company was incorporated, such as the Companies Act 2006 for companies in England and Wales or the LLP Act 2000 for limited liability partnerships.
8. Official Seal of the Registrar of Companies:
   The embossed seal that authenticates the document, confirming that it has been issued by the appropriate authority.
9. Royal Coat of Arms:
   This symbol serves as an indication that the document is official and carries the authority of the Crown.

Importantly, the certificate of incorporation does not contain an expiration date. It remains valid for the lifetime of the company as long as it maintains compliance with relevant legal obligations and is active in its operations.

Upon request, Companies House can include additional information on the certificate of incorporation, such as the company’s registered office address and the details of its directors or company secretaries. Furthermore, a statement of good standing can be added, provided that certain conditions are met, including:

• The company is current with all its statutory filing requirements.
• The company submits relevant information about its constitution, ownership, or control structure.
• The company maintains the requisite number of officers: a private limited company must have at least one human director, while a public limited company needs at least two directors (with at least one being a human) and a company secretary.

This comprehensive information not only reinforces the legitimacy of your business but also provides stakeholders with essential insights into the structure and compliance status of your company.

Where and when do I get one?
Companies House will issue a certificate of incorporation promptly following the approval of your company registration application. If you choose to register your company online either directly through Companies House or with the assistance of a company formation agent, you can expect to receive your certificate of incorporation in a digital format (PDF) via email. Typically, this certificate is delivered within 24 hours of your application submission, making the process quick and efficient.

For those opting for our specialized packages—such as All Inclusive, Non-Residents, Limited Liability Partnerships, Limited by Guarantee, and Public Limited Companies (PLC)—the experience is even more comprehensive. These packages include a printed certificate of incorporation, ensuring that you have a physical record of your company’s official status. If you select one of these packages, we will send your printed certificate to the address you specify during the Delivery & Partner Services step of the company formation process, ensuring it reaches you safely and without delay.

When you establish a company using a postal application, you can expect your certificate of incorporation to arrive by mail several days after Companies House has approved your application. The processing time for postal applications generally ranges from 8 to 10 days. However, opting for online registration is often more advantageous, as it can significantly reduce the waiting time and streamline the entire process. By registering online, you may receive your certificate in a matter of hours rather than days, allowing you to commence your business activities more quickly.

I have lost my certificate – how do I get a replacement?

1. Companies Registered Through Coddan CPM Formation Agent:
   If you established your company using Coddan CPM Formation Agent, accessing a copy of your certificate of incorporation is straightforward. Simply log into your account on our official website. After logging in, navigate to the section titled My Companies. Here, select your company from the provided list, and click on the Documents tab. This will allow you to download a PDF version of your certificate of incorporation directly to your device for your records.
   Additionally, if you prefer a physical copy, you can easily purchase a hard copy of your certificate through our Shop section. To do this, log into your account, go to My Companies, select your company from the list, and then click on the Shop tab. In the shop, you will find the option for the Printed Certificate of Incorporation. Simply add it to your shopping basket for the affordable price of £5.95, proceed to checkout, and your hard copy will be sent to you.
2. Companies House Service:
   You also have the option to download a file copy of your certificate of incorporation through the Companies House Service, which was previously known as Companies House BETA. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to access it:
   • Visit the Companies House Service website.
   • Enter your company name into the search box situated on the homepage.
   • From the search results, click on your company name to view its details.
   • Locate and select the Filing history link on the company’s profile page.
   • Scroll down the filing history to find the Incorporation document – you may need to navigate to older pages if it is not readily visible.
   • Click on View PDF next to the Incorporation entry. The certificate of incorporation will be located on the first page of the PDF document available for download.
   This service is an efficient way to obtain your certificate without any associated costs.
3. Certified Copy from Companies House:
   If you require a certified copy of your certificate, you can request one directly from Companies House. To do this, please contact our customer service center by calling +44 (0) 207 935 5171. Make sure to have your Company Registration Number (CRN) on hand, as you will need to provide this for verification.
   The standard service for obtaining a certified copy costs £50.00 and typically issues the document within 4 working days. However, if you need the certificate urgently, a same-day service is available for £150.00. Please note that all same-day requests must be received by 2 p.m. to ensure timely processing. Your certified copy will be an official document, ideal for use in legal matters, financial transactions, or any situation requiring proof of your company’s incorporation status.

Do I need a new certificate if I change my company name?
When you decide to change your company name, Companies House will issue a document known as a certificate of incorporation on change of name. This certificate serves as official recognition of your new company name and will include your existing company registration number and date of incorporation, ensuring continuity in your business records. The only detail that will change is the company name itself.

It is essential to maintain both the old and new certificates at your company’s registered office. Keeping these documents organized helps you ensure compliance with legal requirements and provides clarity for stakeholders regarding your company’s identity.

Digital or paper certificate of incorporation?
When you engage the services of a professional online company formation agent, you will receive a digital PDF copy of your certificate of incorporation via email. This certificate is issued promptly following the approval of your application by Companies House, which typically occurs within 24 hours. Additionally, if your chosen formation package includes it, you may also receive a hard copy of the certificate by post, providing you with a tangible record of your company’s incorporation.

If you opt to incorporate directly through Companies House, the registration process varies slightly. In this case, the registrar will send you a digital certificate via email if you register online. Alternatively, if you submit a paper application, you will receive a paper certificate by post. Digital certificates are generally dispatched shortly after incorporation, usually within a timeframe of 24 to 48 hours. For just GBP 5.99, you can receive a printed copy of your Company Certificate of Incorporation at home.

However, for postal applications, the processing period is more prolonged, typically taking at least 8 to 10 days. Therefore, if you choose this option, you can expect to receive a hard copy of your certificate at your registered office address a few working days after incorporation, though delays may occur depending on postal services.

Where to keep your certificate of incorporation.
Your certificate of incorporation is a crucial legal document that officially establishes your company as a recognized entity. It is essential to store this document securely, alongside your company registers and other important records, at your registered office or SAIL address. Keeping it in a safe location is vital, as it may be required during inspections of your company’s statutory registers by regulatory authorities.

Moreover, it is advisable to create multiple digital copies of the certificate as a precautionary measure. These digital versions can serve as backups for your records and can also be easily shared via email with various stakeholders, including banks, lenders, investors, clients, suppliers, and any other business associates who may need to verify your company’s legal standing. By ensuring both physical and digital accessibility, you can facilitate smoother communication and maintain transparency with partners and regulatory bodies.

When will I need to use my certificate of incorporation?
Your certificate of incorporation contains crucial information about your company, such as your Company Registration Number (CRN) and the date of incorporation. This document is essential for various business activities, and you may need to reference it multiple times during your company’s operations. Here are specific scenarios where you will be required to provide your certificate of incorporation:

1. Opening a Business Bank Account:
   Financial institutions will typically request this certificate to verify your company’s legal status and ensure that you are authorized to manage the account on behalf of the company.
2. Applying for a Business Loan:
   Lenders require the certificate to confirm the legitimacy and registration of your business, which is essential for evaluating your application for funding.
3. Buying or Leasing Property:
   Whether you are purchasing or leasing real estate in your company’s name, the certificate will serve as proof of your company’s identity and legal authority to undertake such transactions.
4. Applying for Business Grants, Licenses, and Permits:
   Various government and private grant programs, as well as licensing authorities, will need to see your certificate to establish that your business is officially recognized and compliant with legal requirements.
5. Opening Accounts with Suppliers and Service Providers:
   Vendors and service providers often require verification of your company’s registration to ensure that they are engaging in contracts with a legitimate business entity.
6. Seeking Investment from Third Parties:
   If you plan to bring in new shareholders or investors, you will need to present your certificate to demonstrate the official standing of your company.
7. Restructuring or Selling Your Company:
   In any dealings related to the restructuring of your business or the sale of your company, potential buyers, and legal advisors will require access to your incorporation certificate to validate the company’s existence and ownership structure.

Having this certificate readily available will facilitate smoother transactions and interactions with various business stakeholders.

How to register your company in the UK through a company formation agent.
Registering your company in the UK can be streamlined by utilizing the expertise of a formation agent, rather than applying directly to Companies House. Formation agents possess a deep understanding of the regulations and requirements set forth by Companies House, which enables them to efficiently handle the incorporation process and minimize any potential delays.

Before you embark on the company registration journey, it is vital to carefully evaluate and select the most appropriate business structure for your venture, as this decision will significantly impact your operations, financial obligations, and legal responsibilities.There are four primary types of limited companies in the UK, each tailored to serve specific business needs and objectives:

1. Private Limited Companies (Ltd):
   
   • This is the most common type of limited company in the UK, designed for small to medium-sized enterprises and individual entrepreneurs.
   • It is constituted under the Companies Act 2006 and requires registration with Companies House.
   • In a private limited company, ownership is divided into shares held by shareholders. Notably, the liability of these shareholders is typically limited to the amount they have paid or are obligated to pay for their shares, offering them significant protection against the company’s debts.
   • This structure is particularly well-suited for startups and solopreneurs looking to operate domestically or expand internationally, as it allows for easier access to funding and investment.
2. Public Limited Companies (PLC):
   
   • Similar to private companies, public limited companies are formed and regulated under the Companies Act 2006.
   • The defining feature of a PLC is its ability to offer shares to the general public, which can be traded on the stock exchange. This process often provides the company with access to more substantial capital investment.
   • To qualify as a PLC, a company must have a minimum share capital of £50,000, with at least 25% of this amount fully paid. This stringent requirement ensures that only financially stable entities can operate as public companies.
   • Such a structure is ideal for larger, high-impact ventures that aim to raise significant capital and have ambitious growth strategies.
3. Companies Limited by Guarantee:
   
   • Formed under the Companies Act 2006, companies limited by guarantee are often utilized by non-profit organizations, charities, and other entities operating without share capital.
   • In this structure, members’ liabilities are limited to a specific amount they agree to contribute to the company’s assets if it is wound up; this amount is predetermined and usually nominal.
   • This model is particularly beneficial for social enterprises and organizations focused on community impact, as it protects members from personal financial risk while enabling them to pursue their mission effectively.
4. Limited Liability Partnerships (LLP):
   
   • Governed under the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000, LLPs merge elements of traditional partnerships with the protective features of limited companies, allowing individual partners to enjoy limited liability.
   • Each partner in an LLP is protected from personal liability for the debts and obligations of the partnership, making this structure appealing to professional service firms such as law, accounting, and consultancy practices.
   • An LLP allows for a flexible internal structure while still providing the benefits of limited liability, making it an attractive option for businesses looking to combine the two models.

By understanding the unique characteristics and benefits of each type of limited company, business owners can make informed decisions about the structure that aligns best with their specific goals, operational needs, and legal requirements, ultimately paving the way for successful growth and sustainability in the UK market.

Do I need to set up a limited company to start an e-commerce business?
Yes, establishing a limited company is highly advisable if you are planning to launch an e-commerce business, particularly for non-residents looking to enter the UK market. Forming a limited company provides a range of advantages, including enhanced credibility with customers, suppliers, and financial institutions. This structure not only establishes your legal presence in the UK but also offers protection for your personal assets, as limited liability ensures that your personal finances are safeguarded against any debts or legal claims borne by the business.

By setting up a limited company, you’ll benefit from various operational and financial efficiencies that can help your e-commerce venture thrive. These include the ability to open a business bank account, access to funding opportunities, and potential tax advantages.

Additionally, here are some important types of certificates that a limited company may hold:

1. Certificate of Good Standing:
   This document is crucial as it demonstrates that the company is compliant with all legal and regulatory obligations, verifying that it has filed the necessary documents with Companies House in a timely manner. It serves as proof of the company’s validity and active status, which can enhance its reputation with stakeholders.
2. Certificate of Name Change:
   If your company undergoes a name change, this certificate acts as an official recognition of the new name registered with Companies House. This can be vital for branding and marketing purposes, ensuring that customers and partners are aware of the updated identity of your business.
3. Apostille:
   This certificate verifies the authenticity of a document for use in foreign jurisdictions. It is particularly important for businesses engaged in international trade, as it ensures that your documents are accepted under international law—a necessity for contracts, agreements, and other legal documents.
4. Share Certificate:
   This official document serves as evidence of an individual’s ownership of a specified number of shares in the company. It is an important part of corporate governance, detailing the rights and responsibilities associated with share ownership and providing clarity on ownership structures within the company.

By understanding these aspects and the benefits of forming a limited company, you can set a solid foundation for your e-commerce business and enhance your potential for success in a competitive marketplace.

How does US Incorporation Certificate differ from the UK?
The main difference is that the UK certificate of incorporation comes from a single, central registry (Companies House), making the process faster and simpler. In the US, incorporation involves state-level registration, which varies by state and can be more complex, time-consuming, and costly, with the certificate issued by each state's Secretary of State. This means the process is centralized and often faster in the UK, whereas in the US it is decentralized, varies by state, and can involve more complex requirements, especially for foreign companies.

While the certificate of incorporation itself is a historical record that cannot be amended, other core company documents, like the memorandum of association, cannot be changed after incorporation. However, the articles of association (the company's internal rules) can be altered by a special resolution of the shareholders.

When a company changes its name, a new certificate of name change is issued, but the original certificate of incorporation is not amended. Changes to the company's registered address are filed with Companies House, but the original certificate of incorporation is not changed.

If a company is re-registered as a different type of company (e.g., from a private to a public company, or from a limited to an unlimited company), a new certificate of incorporation will be issued, which is conclusive evidence of the change.